Hanukkah: Zeal for The Torah in an Age of Assimilation

 

When most people hear ‘Hanukkah,’ they think of candles, oil, and celebration. But Hanukkah was born in a moment of crisis, when obedience to the Torah became illegal. Hanukkah is not first about light, it’s about loyalty. It asks a dangerous question: What happens when Elohim’s people are pressured to blend in?” The real enemy in the days of the Maccabees wasn’t just the Greek army. It was assimilation—Israelites choosing comfort over covenant, culture over Torah. That’s why Hanukkah still matters. Because we don’t live in a neutral culture either. We live in a world that is constantly trying to influence how we live. 

During that crucial time in Judah, men like Mattathias and Judah Maccabee stepped up, men who refused to negotiate obedience. Their zeal wasn’t reckless. It was covenant faithfulness under pressure. In today’s age, we’re not just remembering what they did. We’re asking whether we would have stood with them, and where assimilation may be challenging our obedience today

The Real Conflict Behind Hanukkah

When we think of Hanukkah, it’s easy to imagine a simple story: Jews versus Greeks. But Scripture and history show us something far more uncomfortable. The real conflict wasn’t only external, it was also internal. It was Torah faithfulness versus assimilation within Judah itself. Assimilation doesn’t mean abandoning faith overnight. It means slowly redefining obedience—treating the Torah as flexible, outdated, or optional. We’re told that lawless men arose from Israel and said, ‘Let us make a covenant with the nations.’ In other words, let’s blend in, so life will be easier.

“In those days there appeared in Israel transgressors of the Torah who seduced many, saying: 'Let us go and make a covenant with the Gentiles all around us; since we separated from them, many evils have come upon us.” (1 Maccabees 1:11)

This wasn’t forced at first. Many people willingly embraced Greek culture—gymnasiums, philosophy, and identity—because it promised acceptance and advancement. 

“Some from among the people promptly went to the king, and he authorized them to introduce the ordinances of the Gentiles. Thereupon, they built a gymnasium in Jerusalem according to the Gentile custom. They disguised their circumcision and abandoned the holy covenant; they allied themselves with the Gentiles and sold themselves to wrongdoing.” (1 Maccabees 1:13-15)

Assimilation always promises peace, but it quietly demands that obedience be surrendered. Once Torah was treated as optional, it didn’t take long before it was treated as offensive—and then criminal. And once assimilation had weakened Israel from within, it became very easy for Antiochus to enforce what many had already chosen.

Antiochus Didn’t Invent Apostasy – He enforced It

“Then the king wrote to his whole kingdom that all should be one people and abandon their particular customs. All the Gentiles conformed to the command of the king, and many Israelites delighted in his religion; they sacrificed to idols and profaned the sabbath.” (1 Maccabees 1:41-43)

It’s essential to understand that Antiochus did not instigate apostasy in Israel. He capitalized on it.  The pressure to abandon Torah didn’t start with a Greek king. It began when Elohim’s own people decided obedience was negotiable. Once a community weakens its commitment from the inside, it becomes easy for outside powers to impose what was once voluntary.

“The king sent letters by messenger to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah, ordering them to follow customs foreign to their land; to prohibit burnt offerings, sacrifices, and libations in the sanctuary, to profane the sabbaths and feast days, to desecrate the sanctuary and the sacred ministers, to build pagan altars and temples and shrines, to sacrifice swine and unclean animals, to leave their sons uncircumcised, and to defile themselves with every kind of impurity and abomination; so that they might forget the law and change all its ordinances. Whoever refused to act according to the command of the king was to be put to death.” (1 Maccabees 1:44-50)

What was once optional became illegal. That’s the trajectory of assimilation. Assimilation prepares the ground for persecution. Compromise always invites control. When the Torah is treated as cultural instead of covenantal, it loses its protection. What we don’t defend, we eventually lose. And it was at this moment, when obedience was outlawed and compromise normalized, that one man refused to participate.

Mattathias: The Moment Zeal Ignited

“The officers of the king in charge of enforcing the apostasy came to the city of Modein to make them sacrifice. Many of Israel joined them, but Mattathias and his sons drew together. Then the officers of the king addressed Mattathias: “You are a leader, an honorable and great man in this city, supported by sons and kindred. Come now, be the first to obey the king’s command, as all the Gentiles and Judeans and those who are left in Jerusalem have done. Then you and your sons shall be numbered among the King’s Friends, and you and your sons shall be honored with silver and gold and many gifts.” But Mattathias answered in a loud voice: “Although all the Gentiles in the king’s realm obey him, so that they forsake the religion of their ancestors and consent to the king’s orders, yet I and my sons and my kindred will keep to the covenant of our ancestors. Heaven forbid that we should forsake the Torah and the commandments. We will not obey the words of the king by departing from our religion in the slightest degree.” As he finished saying these words, a certain Jew came forward in the sight of all to offer sacrifice on the altar in Modein according to the king’s order. When Mattathias saw him, he was filled with zeal; his heart was moved and his just fury was aroused; he sprang forward and killed him upon the altar. At the same time, he also killed the messenger of the king who was forcing them to sacrifice, and he tore down the altar.” (1 Maccabees 2: 15-25)

Scripture tells us that Mattathias burned with zeal. Not blind rage. Not panic. Zeal, deep covenant loyalty.  When he struck down the man and destroyed the altar, he was not inventing something new. He was walking in the footsteps of Phinehas (Numbers 25), defending the covenant when leadership had failed. Zeal is not an emotional outburst. Zeal is obedience when disobedience becomes normal. In that moment, Mattathias chose faithfulness over safety, covenant over comfort. This single act shattered the illusion that compromise was the only option. It reminded Israel that obedience was still possible. And then Mattathias did something just as important as the act itself: he called others to choose.

“Then Mattathias cried out in the city, “Let everyone who is zealous for the Torah and who stands by the covenant follow me!” (1 Maccabees 2:27)

Every generation hears this call in its own way. Not shouted from a mountain, but often whispered in moments of decision: Follow or blend in. Mattathias would not live long after this moment. But his call created something more than a rebellion; it created a leader.

Judah Maccabee: Faith Expressed Through Action

When Mattathias died, the movement didn’t die with him. It passed to his son, Judah, called ‘The Hammer.’  

“Then his son Judas, who was called Maccabeus, took his place. All his brothers and all who had joined his father supported him, and they gladly carried on Israel’s war.” (1 Maccabees 3:1-2)

Although they were outnumbered, outmatched, and opposed by trained forces with superior weapons. Judah understood something crucial: victory does not come from numbers or strength, but from faithfulness to Yahweh. 

“But when they saw the army coming against them, they said to Judas: “How can we, few as we are, fight such a strong host as this? Besides, we are weak since we have not eaten today.” But Judas said: “Many are easily hemmed in by a few; in the sight of Heaven there is no difference between deliverance by many or by few; for victory in war does not depend upon the size of the army, but on strength that comes from Heaven. With great presumption and lawlessness they come against us to destroy us and our wives and children and to despoil us; but we are fighting for our lives and our Torah. He will crush them before us; so do not fear them.” (1 Maccabees 3:17-22)

Before many battles, Judah prayed, fasted, and reminded the people of the Torah. This wasn’t just for show or strategy alone; it was submission. Judah would go on to reclaim and rededicate the Temple, restoring covenant order. 

A Warning for Every Generation

Hanukkah is not only a story about what happened long ago. It’s a warning written in history.  Every generation believes it can blend in safely—that compromise can be managed, controlled, and limited. But the story of Hanukkah shows us where that path leads. Assimilation doesn’t remain neutral; it always moves the line. Assimilation today doesn’t usually demand idols or pagan altars. It demands something quieter- silence instead of obedience, redefining instead of repentance, and comfort instead of covenant. The greatest threat to the Torah has rarely been persecution. It has almost always been compromise. This isn’t about pointing fingers or drawing lines around others. It’s about asking honest questions of ourselves:

• Where have we learned to explain away commandments?
• Where have we chosen acceptance over obedience?
• Where has blending in felt easier than standing firm?

Hanukkah does not begin and end with a battle or even with a miracle. It starts and ends with a choice. Zeal today does not usually look like open resistance, though it most certainly can. However, it often looks like keeping Shabbat when it costs convenience, teaching the Torah when it costs popularity, and obeying Yah when compromise would be easier. May we be found among those who keep the covenant. May the light of the Torah shine through our faithfulness. And may we have the courage to choose obedience, whatever the cost.

P.S.

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The Beauty of Sacrifice: Torah, Messiah, and the Coming Kingdom

 

For much of the modern world, the sacrificial system described in the Torah is neither fully understood nor rightly appreciated. Growing up, I was often taught that sacrifices were nothing more than an archaic, even barbaric, practice that ended with the death of the Messiah. Yet, as my understanding of the Scriptures has deepened, I have come to see the sacrificial system in a very different light. Rather than something to be tarnished or discarded, I now see it as a beautiful means of reconciliation with Yah—a sacred meal shared in His presence.

I have also come to realize that the idea of the sacrificial system being “done away with” is not scriptural, but rather a tendril of Christian theology that lingered in my thinking for far too long. While there is still much to learn and unlearn, I believe it is prudent to begin by biblically defining what the sacrifices truly meant. From there, we will examine evidence that the disciples themselves continued to make sacrifices after the ascension of Yeshua, and finally, we will consider the prophecies that point to the continuation of sacrifices in the millennial reign of Messiah.

Defining the Sacrifices (Torah foundation)

When we first read about the sacrificial system in the Torah, it can feel foreign to our modern minds. Yet, when we look closely, we see that sacrifices were never meant to be taken as primitive or barbaric rituals; they were acts of worship, thanksgiving, and covenant fellowship with Yah.

Detailed in Leviticus 1-7, Yah describes the various types of offerings:

•  The burnt offering (the olah, Leviticus 1) represented complete devotion as the whole animal (after it was slaughtered) ascended in smoke to the creator. 
• The grain offering (the minhah, Leviticus 2) was from the works of the hand, symbolizing gratitude and dedication. 
• The peace offering (the shelamim, Leviticus 7:11-33) centered around fellowship, as it involved sharing a meal with Yah, the priest, and the family that brought the offering. Creating a picture of communion with Elohim Himself. 
• The sin offering (the hattat, Leviticus 6:25-30) and the guilt offering (the asham, Leviticus Leviticus 7:1-7) provided cleansing for sin and restitution when wrong had been done. 

Together, these offerings deliver a complete depiction of reconciliation and relationship.

The sacrificial system was not only about atonement but about sharing life with Yah. We see this powerfully in Exodus 24:4–11, when Israel confirmed the covenant with blood and then ascended the mountain to eat and drink in Yah’s presence.

“And Mosheh wrote down all the Words of יהוה, and rose up early in the morning, and built a slaughter-place at the foot of the mountain, and twelve standing columns for the twelve tribes of Yisra’ĕl. And he sent young men of the children of Yisra’ĕl, and they offered ascending offerings and slaughtered slaughterings of peace offerings to יהוה of bulls. And Mosheh took half the blood and put it in basins, and half the blood he sprinkled on the slaughter-place. And he took the Book of the Covenant and read in the hearing of the people. And they said, “All that יהוה has spoken we shall do, and obey.” And Mosheh took the blood and sprinkled it on the people, and said, “See, the blood of the covenant which יהוה has made with you concerning all these Words.” And Mosheh went up, also Aharon, Naḏaḇ, and Aḇihu, and seventy of the elders of Yisra’ĕl, and they saw the Elohim of Yisra’ĕl, and under His feet like a paved work of sapphire stone, and like the heavens for brightness. Yet He did not stretch out His hand against the chiefs of the children of Yisra’ĕl! And they saw Elohim, and they ate and drank.” (Exodus 24:4–11)

Sacrifice was the doorway to fellowship. Likewise, Deuteronomy 12:5–7, 17–18 emphasizes that offerings were to be brought to “the place Yah chooses,” where His Name dwells, and that Israel was to rejoice as they ate before Him. This reveals that sacrifices were not grim duties but joyful covenant meals.

“but seek the place which יהוה your Elohim chooses, out of all your tribes, to put His Name there, for His Dwelling Place, and there you shall enter. “And there you shall take your ascending offerings, and your slaughters, and your tithes, and the contributions of your hand, and your vowed offerings, and your voluntary offerings, and the firstlings of your herd and of your flock. “And there you shall eat before יהוה your Elohim, and shall rejoice in all that you put your hand to, you and your households, in which יהוה your Elohim has blessed you.” (Deuteronomy 12:5–7)

“You are not allowed to eat within your gates the tithe of your grain, or of your new wine, or of your oil, or of the firstlings of your herd or your flock, or of any of your offerings which you vow, or of your voluntary offerings, or of the contribution of your hand. “But eat them before יהוה your Elohim, in the place which יהוה your Elohim chooses, you and your son and your daughter, and your male servant and your female servant, and the Lĕwite who is within your gates. And you shall rejoice before יהוה your Elohim in all that you put your hands to.” (Deuteronomy 12:17-18)

The rhythm of life was also tied to offerings. In Numbers 28–29, Yah commanded daily sacrifices, Sabbath offerings, and festival offerings. This created a sacred calendar where all of life—days, weeks, months, and years—were marked by communion with Him. And yet, Yah always emphasized the heart behind the sacrifices. Psalm 51:15–19 reminds us that He desires a broken and contrite spirit above ritual. Sacrifices were never meant to be empty motions but outward signs of inward devotion.

“O יהוה, open my lips, And that my mouth declare Your praise. For You do not desire slaughtering, or I would give it; You do not delight in ascending offering. The slaughterings of Elohim are a broken spirit, A heart broken and crushed, O Elohim, These You do not despise. Do good in Your good pleasure to Tsiyon (Zion); Build the walls of Yerushalayim (Jerusalem). Then You would delight in slaughterings of righteousness, In ascending offering and complete ascending offering; Then young bulls would be offered on Your slaughter-place.” (Psalms 51:15-19)

Sacrifices after Yeshua’s Ascension (disciples’ practice)

Many today assume that sacrifices ended with the resurrection of Yeshua, yet the Scriptures show otherwise. The disciples continued to participate in the Temple services, which included the sacrificial system, seeing no contradiction between Yeshua’s atonement and the ongoing worship commanded in the Torah.

In Acts 2:46, we read that the followers of the Messiah were at the Temple daily, showing that the Temple was not merely a backdrop; it was the center of Israel’s worship, and sacrifices were part of that daily rhythm.

“And day by day, continuing with one mind in the Set-apart Place, and breaking bread from house to house, they ate their food with gladness and simplicity of heart…” (Acts 2:46)

Similarly, Acts 3:1 records Peter and John going to the Temple “at the hour of prayer,” which was tied directly to the daily Tamid offering, Exodus 29:38-42 and Numbers 28:3-8. Their worship life remained intertwined with the sacrificial system.

“And Kĕpha (Peter) and Yoḥanan (John) were going up to the Set-apart Place at the hour of prayer, the ninth hour.” (Acts 3:1)

“And you shall say to them, ‘This is the offering made by fire which you bring to יהוה: two male lambs a year old, perfect ones, daily, a continual ascending offering. The one lamb you prepare in the morning, and the other lamb you prepare between the evenings, with one-tenth of an ĕphah of fine flour as a grain offering mixed with one-fourth of a hin of pressed oil, a continual ascending offering which was offered at Mount Sinai for a sweet fragrance, an offering made by fire to יהוה, and its drink offering, one-fourth of a hin for each lamb. Pour out the drink to יהוה as an offering in the set-apart place. And the other lamb you prepare between the evenings. As the morning grain offering and its drink offering, you prepare it as an offering made by fire, a sweet fragrance to יהוה.” (Numbers 28:3-8)

Perhaps the most striking example comes in Acts 21:20–26. When Paul returned to Jerusalem, James encouraged him to prove that he was Torah-observant by participating in a Nazirite vow, which required sacrifices (Numbers 6). Paul not only agreed but paid the expenses for others to do so as well. This was after Yeshua’s ascension, clear proof that the apostles did not view sacrifices as abolished.

Paul himself testifies in Acts 24:17–18 that he came to Jerusalem “to bring kind deeds and offerings.” The Greek word here (prosphora) is the same used elsewhere for sacrificial gifts. Even decades after Messiah’s resurrection, Paul was still participating in the sacrificial life of Israel.

“And after many years I came to bring kind deeds to my nation and offerings…” (Acts 24:17-18)

This practice was not isolated. Luke 24:53, Acts 5:42, and other passages show the disciples continually in the Temple, teaching and worshiping. The Jewish historian Josephus records that sacrifices continued in Jerusalem until 70 CE, and there is no evidence that the early Messianic believers separated themselves from this system. Instead, they saw Messiah’s atonement in heaven and the Temple sacrifices on earth as distinct but complementary realities.

“And they, having bowed down to Him, returned to Yerushalayim (Jersualem) with great joy, and were continually in the Set-apart Place praising and blessing Elohim. Amĕn.” (Luke 24:52-53)

“And daily in the Set-apart Place, and in every house, they did not cease teaching and bringing the Good News: יהושע the Messiah!” (Acts 5:42)

Sacrifices in the Millennial Reign (future prophecy)

Looking forward, the prophets make it clear that sacrifices will not only return but will flourish in the Messianic Kingdom. Far from being abolished, the sacrificial system is prophesied as part of Messiah’s reign when He restores all things.

Ezekiel 40–48 gives a breathtaking vision of a future Temple, with Yah’s glory returning to dwell within it. In Ezekiel 43:18–27; 45:16-17; 46:4–15, we read detailed instructions for burnt offerings, peace offerings, and festival sacrifices. These are not shadows of the past but promises of the future. Under Messiah’s reign, sacrifices will once again serve as covenantal expressions of worship and fellowship.

“All the people of the land are to give this contribution to the prince in Yisra’ĕl (Israel). “And on the prince are the ascending offerings, and the grain offerings, and drink offerings, at the festival, the new moons, the sabbaths – in all the appointed times of the house of Yisra’ĕl. He is to prepare the sin offering, and the grain offering, and the ascending offering, and the peace offerings to make atonement for the house of Yisra’ĕl.” (Ezekiel 45:16-17)

The prophet Isaiah 56:6–7 declares that foreigners who join themselves to Yah will bring offerings, and their sacrifices will be accepted on His altar. This is directly tied to Yeshua’s words when He called the Temple a “house of prayer for all nations.”

“Also the sons of the foreigner who join themselves to יהוה, to serve Him, and to love the Name of יהוה, to be His servants, all who guard the Sabbath, and not profane it, and are holding onto My covenant – them I shall bring to My set-apart mountain, and let them rejoice in My house of prayer. Their ascending offerings and their slaughterings are accepted on My slaughter-place, for My house is called a house of prayer for all the peoples.” (Isaiah 56:6-7)

“And He was teaching, saying to them, “Has it not been written, ‘My House shall be called a house of prayer for all nations’?  But you have made it a ‘den of robbers.’” (Mark 11:17)

Similarly, Zechariah 14:16–21 foretells all nations ascending to Jerusalem to keep Sukkot, and even the cooking pots will become set-apart, language of sacrificial service.

“And it shall be that all who are left from all the nations which came up against Yerushalayim, shall go up from year to year to bow themselves to the Sovereign, יהוה of hosts, and to celebrate the Festival of Sukkot. “And it shall be, that if anyone of the clans of the earth does not come up to Yerushalayim to bow himself to the Sovereign, יהוה of hosts, on them there is to be no rain. And if the clan of Mitsrayim does not come up and enter in, then there is no rain. On them is the plague with which יהוה plagues the nations who do not come up to celebrate the Festival of Sukkot. This is the punishment of Mitsrayim and the punishment of all the nations that do not come up to celebrate the Festival of Sukkot. In that day “SET-APART TO יהוה” shall be engraved on the bells of the horses. And the pots in the House of יהוה shall be like the bowls before the slaughter-place. And every pot in Yerushalayim and Yehuḏah shall be set-apart to יהוה of hosts. And all those who slaughter shall come and take them and cook in them. And there shall no longer be a merchant in the House of יהוה of hosts, in that day.” (Zechariah 14:16–21)

In Isaiah 66:20–23, we see nations bringing offerings to Jerusalem, while Sabbath and new moon observances continue in the Kingdom.

“And they shall bring all your brothers as an offering to יהוה out of all the nations, on horses and in chariots and in litters, on mules and on camels, to My set-apart mountain Yerushalayim,” declares יהוה, “as the children of Yisra’ĕl bring an offering in a clean vessel into the House of יהוה. “And from them too I shall take for priests – for Lĕwites,” declares יהוה. “For as the new heavens and the new earth that I make stand before Me,” declares יהוה, “so your seed and your name shall stand. “And it shall be that from New Moon to New Moon, and from Sabbath to Sabbath, all flesh shall come to worship before Me,” declares יהוה.” (Isaiah 66:20–23)

Malachi 3:1–4 looks to a time when the Levites will be purified so that “the offering of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasing as in days of old.” This shows that sacrifices are not abolished but purified and perfected under Messiah.

“See, I am sending My messenger, and he shall prepare the way before Me. Then suddenly the Master you are seeking comes to His Hĕḵal, even the Messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight. See, He is coming,” said יהוה of hosts. “And who is able to bear the day of His coming, and who is able to stand when He appears? For He is like the fire of a refiner, and like the soap of a launderer. “And He shall sit as a refiner and a cleanser of silver. And He shall cleanse the sons of Lĕwi, and refine them as gold and silver, and they shall belong to יהוה, bringing near an offering in righteousness. “Then shall the offering of Yehuḏah and Yerushalayim be pleasant to יהוה, as in the days of old, as in former years.” (Malachi 3:1–4)

Even the Brit Ḥadashah affirms this vision. Hebrews 8–10 does not teach that sacrifices were abolished, but that Yeshua’s offering in the heavenly Temple is the ultimate atonement, for a once devoiced Israel. Earthly sacrifices continue to serve as covenant expressions, purified under His reign, while His heavenly priesthood secures eternal redemption for all those who endure until th end.

Conclusion: A Covenant Meal with Yah

From the Torah to the Apostles to the Prophets, the testimony is consistent: sacrifices were never abolished. They were, and will continue to be, a means of worship, fellowship, and covenant renewal with Yah. In Messiah Yeshua, we see their fullest meaning—not as barbaric relics of the past, but as sacred expressions of reconciliation, thanksgiving, and joy.

The sacrificial system teaches us that Yah desires to eat with us, to dwell with us, and to share life with us. Far from being obsolete, sacrifices point us to the eternal reality of Messiah’s reign, when all nations will worship in unity, bringing offerings of praise and thanksgiving to the King.

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The Story of Hanukkah: Tragedy, Bloodshed, and Hope

 

The story of Hanukkah is one filled with tragedy, bloodshed, and hope. Found in the books of 1 and 2 Maccabees, it details the persecution placed on the Hebrews by the Greeks, how they were killed for following Torah, how the temple was made unclean with swine blood, and how, in the end, the Maccabean rebellion drove out the Greeks. Many have connected Hanukkah with being a type and shadow of the great tribulation, and I must concur, for I, too, see the similarities. But before we get into the prophetic imagery, we must first cover what Hanukkah is and why some choose to celebrate it. For starters, we have biblical evidence that Master Yeshua celebrated this feast. 

“At that time the Ḥanukkah (dedication) came to be in Yerushalayim (Jerusalem), and it was winter. And יהושע was walking in the Set-apart Place, in the porch of Shelomoh (Solomon).” (John 10:22-23)

Here we have Yeshua up at the temple during Hanukkah, which is where the celebration would have been held at that time. This is very important because Hanukkah is not a Mo’edim, an appointed time made by YHWH; it is a holiday established by the House of Judah after they rededicated the temple, following the Greek occupation. This shows that Elohim agrees with this holiday because when Yeshua was here, he partook in the celebration. 

The Biblical Menorah 

There is, however, one difference that I know of between Judaism Hanukkah, and Biblical Hanukkah. This being the style of the menorah, in Judaism, they use the nine-candleled one, but biblically speaking, it should only have seven. 

“And you shall make a lampstand of clean gold – the lampstand is made of beaten work…” (Exodus 25:31)

“And you shall make seven lamps for it, and they shall mount its lamps so that they give light in front of it.” (Exodus 25:37)

My understanding of how to do Hanukkah is that each of the seven lampstands or branches represents the seven Mo’edim. That is Passover, the Feast of Unleavened Bread, First Fruits, Weeks, Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of Tabernacles. If you are unfamiliar with these, I wrote a post on them, titled “The Mo'edim”, feel free to check it out. Anyways, for eight nights or all on one day, you read the story of Hanukkah and the Mo’edim, how the appointed times were given in the Tanakh (Old Testament), and how Yeshua fulfilled them or how he will in the future. After each Mo’edim is read, you light a candle. This is how I was taught to do it, but it's not an appointed time, so there are no commandments on how we are to specifically celebrate Hanukkah. 119 ministries have a video on Hanukkah, and it would behoove you to check it out. 

The Events that Led to Hanukkah

Now, without further ado, let us begin the story.

“After Alexander the Macedonian, Philip’s son, who came from the land of Kittim, had defeated Darius, king of the Persians and Medes, he became king in his place, having first ruled in Greece. He fought many battles, captured fortresses, and put the kings of the earth to death. He advanced to the ends of the earth, gathering plunder from many nations; the earth fell silent before him, and his heart became proud and arrogant. He collected a very strong army and won dominion over provinces, nations, and rulers, and they paid him tribute. But after all this he took to his bed, realizing that he was going to die. So he summoned his noblest officers, who had been brought up with him from his youth, and divided his kingdom among them while he was still alive. Alexander had reigned twelve years when he died. So his officers took over his kingdom, each in his own territory, and after his death they all put on crowns, and so did their sons after them for many years, multiplying evils on the earth. There sprang from these a sinful offshoot, Antiochus Epiphanes, son of King Antiochus, once a hostage at Rome. He became king in the one hundred and thirty-seventh year of the kingdom of the Greeks.” (1 Maccabees 1:1-10)

Alexander the Great had conquered a vast amount of territory in a relatively short amount of time. When he died at the age of 33, his empire was split among his generals. These became known as the Hellenistic kingdoms. After some time, Antiochus arose and became King of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom. 

“In those days there appeared in Israel transgressors of the Torah who seduced many, saying: “Let us go and make a covenant with the Gentiles all around us; since we separated from them, many evils have come upon us.” The proposal was agreeable; some from among the people promptly went to the king, and he authorized them to introduce the ordinances of the Gentiles. Thereupon they built a gymnasium in Jerusalem according to the Gentile custom. They disguised their circumcision and abandoned the holy covenant; they allied themselves with the Gentiles and sold themselves to wrongdoing.” (1 Maccabees 1:11-15)

Here we see a great falling away, the followers of Elohim forsaking the Torah and aligning themselves with gentile customs. 

“After Antiochus had defeated Egypt in the one hundred and forty-third year, he returned and went up against Israel and against Jerusalem with a strong force. He insolently entered the sanctuary and took away the golden altar, the menorah for the light with all its utensils, the offering table, the cups and bowls, the golden censers, and the curtain. The cornices and the golden ornament on the front of the temple—he stripped it all off. And he took away the silver and gold and the precious vessels; he also took all the hidden treasures he could find. Taking all this, he went back to his own country. He shed much blood and spoke with great arrogance. And there was great mourning throughout all Israel.” (1 Maccabees 1:20-25)

Antiochus, upon arriving in Jerusalem, ransacks the Temple, taking the gold, silver, and other valuable treasures, while at the same time spilling the blood of the Hebrews. 

“Two years later, the king sent the Mysian commander to the cities of Judah, and he came to Jerusalem with a strong force. He spoke to them deceitfully in peaceful terms, and they believed him. Then he attacked the city suddenly, in a great onslaught, and destroyed many of the people in Israel. He plundered the city and set fire to it, demolished its houses and its surrounding walls. And they took captive the women and children, and seized the animals. Then they built up the City of David with a high, strong wall and strong towers, and it became their citadel. There they installed a sinful race, transgressors of the Torah, who fortified themselves inside it. They stored up weapons and provisions, depositing there the plunder they had collected from Jerusalem, and they became a great snare. The citadel became an ambush against the sanctuary, and a wicked adversary to Israel at all times. They shed innocent blood around the sanctuary; they defiled the sanctuary. Because of them the inhabitants of Jerusalem fled away, she became the abode of strangers. She became a stranger to her own offspring, and her children forsook her. Her sanctuary became desolate as a wilderness; her feasts were turned into mourning, Her sabbaths to shame, her honor to contempt. As her glory had been, so great was her dishonor: her exaltation was turned into mourning.” (1 Maccabees 1:29-40)

Two years after stealing the precious metals from the temple, the Greeks return, tricking the Hebrews into believing they came in peace, only to multiply their malicious deeds with more killings, defiling the sanctuary and Elohim’s Torah. Sadly, this was just the beginning of sorrow. 

“Then the king wrote to his whole kingdom that all should be one people, and abandon their particular customs. All the Gentiles conformed to the command of the king, and many Israelites delighted in his religion; they sacrificed to idols and profaned the sabbath. The king sent letters by messenger to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah, ordering them to follow customs foreign to their land; to prohibit burnt offerings, sacrifices, and libations in the sanctuary, to profane the sabbaths and feast days, to desecrate the sanctuary and the sacred ministers, to build pagan altars and temples and shrines, to sacrifice swine and unclean animals, to leave their sons uncircumcised, and to defile themselves with every kind of impurity and abomination; so that they might forget the Torah and change all its ordinances. Whoever refused to act according to the command of the king was to be put to death. In words such as these he wrote to his whole kingdom. He appointed inspectors over all the people, and he ordered the cities of Judah to offer sacrifices, each city in turn. Many of the people, those who abandoned the Torah, joined them and committed evil in the land. They drove Israel into hiding, wherever places of refuge could be found. On the fifteenth day of the month Kislev, in the year one hundred and forty-five, the king erected the desolating abomination upon the altar of burnt offerings, and in the surrounding cities of Judah they built pagan altars. They also burned incense at the doors of houses and in the streets. Any scrolls of the Torah that they found they tore up and burned. Whoever was found with a scroll of the covenant, and whoever observed the Torah, was condemned to death by royal decree. So, they used their power against Israel, against those who were caught, each month, in the cities. On the twenty-fifth day of each month they sacrificed on the pagan altar that was over the altar of burnt offerings. In keeping with the decree, they put to death women who had their children circumcised, and they hung their babies from their necks; their families also and those who had circumcised them were killed. But many in Israel were determined and resolved in their hearts not to eat anything unclean; they preferred to die rather than to be defiled with food or to profane the holy covenant; and they did die. And very great wrath came upon Israel.” (1 Maccabees 1: 41-64) 

Antiochus sets forth the decree that all those under his rule should act as one, following the Greek religion. Copies of the Torah were destroyed, and those who had the Torah or obeyed it were put to death. There is a lot I’m not covering this time, but will during future Hanukkahs, such as the similarities between this time period and the great tribulation. There’s just so much to cover, and that’s one of the many great things about Hanukkah. 

“The officers of the king in charge of enforcing the apostasy came to the city of Modein to make them sacrifice. Many of Israel joined them, but Mattathias and his sons drew together. Then the officers of the king addressed Mattathias: “You are a leader, an honorable and great man in this city, supported by sons and kindred. Come now, be the first to obey the king’s command, as all the Gentiles and Judeans and those who are left in Jerusalem have done. Then you and your sons shall be numbered among the King’s Friends, and you and your sons shall be honored with silver and gold and many gifts.” But Mattathias answered in a loud voice: “Although all the Gentiles in the king’s realm obey him, so that they forsake the religion of their ancestors and consent to the king’s orders, yet I and my sons and my kindred will keep to the covenant of our ancestors. Heaven forbid that we should forsake the Torah and the ordinances. We will not obey the words of the king by departing from our belief in the slightest degree.” As he finished saying these words, a certain Judean came forward in the sight of all to offer sacrifice on the altar in Modein according to the king’s order. When Mattathias saw him, he was filled with zeal; his heart was moved, and his just fury was aroused; he sprang forward and killed him upon the altar. At the same time, he also killed the messenger of the king who was forcing them to sacrifice, and he tore down the altar. Thus, he showed his zeal for the Torah of Elohim, just as Phinehas did with Zimri, son of Salu. Then Mattathias cried out in the city, “Let everyone who is zealous for the Torah and who stands by the covenant follow me!” Then he and his sons fled to the mountains, leaving behind in the city all their possessions. At that time many who sought righteousness and justice went out into the wilderness to settle there, they and their children, their wives and their animals, because misfortunes pressed so hard on them.” (1 Maccabees 2:15-30) 

The first act of rebellion comes at the hand of Mattathias, practically declaring war on the king by killing his messenger. They gather those who are still Torah observant and flee to the mountains, from there they conduct guerrilla warfare, while also trying to remain hidden from the Greek army. 

“It was reported to the officers and soldiers of the king who were in the City of David, in Jerusalem, that those who had flouted the king’s order had gone out to secret refuges in the wilderness. Many hurried out after them, and having caught up with them, camped opposite and prepared to attack them on the sabbath. The pursuers said to them, “Enough of this! Come out and obey the king’s command, and you will live.” But they replied, “We will not come out, nor will we obey the king’s command to profane the sabbath.” Then the enemy attacked them at once. But they did not retaliate; they neither threw stones, nor blocked up their secret refuges. They said, “Let us all die in innocence; heaven and earth are our witnesses that you destroy us unjustly.” So, the officers and soldiers attacked them on the sabbath, and they died with their wives, their children and their animals, to the number of a thousand persons. When Mattathias and his friends heard of it, they mourned deeply for them. They said to one another, “If we all do as our kindred have done, and do not fight against the Gentiles for our lives and our Torah, they will soon destroy us from the earth.” So, on that day they came to this decision: “Let us fight against anyone who attacks us on the sabbath, so that we may not all die as our kindred died in their secret refuges.” Then they were joined by a group of Hasideans, mighty warriors of Israel, all of them devoted to the Torah. And all those who were fleeing from the persecutions joined them and supported them. They gathered an army and struck down sinners in their wrath and the lawless in their anger, and the survivors fled to the Gentiles for safety. Mattathias and his friends went about and tore down the pagan altars; they also forcibly circumcised any uncircumcised boys whom they found in the territory of Israel. They put to flight the arrogant, and the work prospered in their hands. They saved the Torah from the hands of the Gentiles and of the kings and did not let the sinner triumph.” (1 Maccabees 2:31-48)

Some of those who fled to the mountains were found and given the chance to live if they obeyed the king, but they refused and chose to die without fighting back. This caused much heartache to Mattathias, and he and his companions decided that they should fight against the Greeks, even on the Sabbath. This would not be breaking the Sabbath, because they fought to liberate Judah from the tyrannical Greeks, which is good. As the Messiah said, it is not wrong to do good on the Sabbath. Ultimately, Mattathias led a successful campaign against the Greeks and drove them out of Jerusalem.

The Festival of Hanukkah

“Then Judas and his brothers said, “Now that our enemies have been crushed, let us go up to purify the sanctuary and rededicate it. So the whole army assembled, and went up to Mount Zion. They found the sanctuary desolate, the altar desecrated, the gates burnt, weeds growing in the courts as in a thicket or on some mountain, and the priests’ chambers demolished. Then they tore their garments and made great lamentation; they sprinkled their heads with ashes and prostrated themselves. And when the signal was given with the shofar (a type of trumpet created from a ram’s horn), they cried out to Heaven. Judas appointed men to attack those in the citadel, while he purified the sanctuary. He chose blameless priests, devoted to the Torah; these purified the sanctuary and carried away the stones of the defilement to an unclean place. They considered what ought to be done with the altar for burnt offerings that had been desecrated. They decided it best to tear it down, lest it be a lasting shame to them that the Gentiles had defiled it; so they tore down the altar. They stored the stones in a suitable place on the temple mount, until the coming of a prophet who could determine what to do with them. Then they took uncut stones, according to the Torah, and built a new altar like the former one. They also repaired the sanctuary and the interior of the temple and consecrated the courts. They made new sacred vessels and brought the menorah, the altar of incense, and the table into the temple. Then they burned incense on the altar and lighted the lamps on the menorah, and these illuminated the temple. They also put loaves on the table and hung up the curtains. Thus they finished all the work they had undertaken. They rose early on the morning of the twenty-fifth day of the ninth month, that is, the month of Kislev, in the year one hundred and forty-eight, and offered sacrifice according to the Torah on the new altar for burnt offerings that they had made. On the anniversary of the day on which the Gentiles had desecrated it, on that very day it was rededicated with songs, harps, lyres, and cymbals. All the people prostrated themselves and adored and praised the Elohim of Heaven, who had given them success. For eight days they celebrated the dedication of the altar and joyfully offered burnt offerings and sacrifices of deliverance and praise.” (1 Maccabees 4:36-56)

“Then Judas and his brothers and the entire assembly of Israel decreed that every year for eight days, from the twenty-fifth day of the month Kislev, the days of the dedication of the altar should be observed with joy and gladness on the anniversary.” (1 Maccabees 4:59)

The time of Hanukkah is one of celebration but also accompanied by the realism of our ancestors who suffered for keeping Torah. From 1 Maccabees we get an overview of the story of Hanukkah, 2 Maccabees we receive a more on-the-ground perspective, and let me tell you it is quite emotional. I hope everyone has a blessed Hanukkah celebration, continues to test all things, and that the Ruach Hakodesh leads you into all truth. 

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